Spack教程（基础）
准备
注：本教程均在Ubuntu:20.04镜像下演示。获取镜像并运行，
[wanlinwang@VM-119-18-tencentos ~]$ docker pull ubuntu:22.04
22.04: Pulling from library/ubuntu
aece8493d397: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:2b7412e6465c3c7fc5bb21d3e6f1917c167358449fecac8176c6e496e5c1f05f
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:22.04
docker.io/library/ubuntu:22.04
[wanlinwang@VM-119-18-tencentos ~]$ docker run -ti ubuntu:22.04
root@284b243a39ec:/# cd
root@284b243a39ec:~#
安装相关依赖包（其中git用来与git仓库交互，python3用作spack的解析器，gcc gfortran fort77 g++ clang用作spack构建工具时的编译器，make构建），
root@284b243a39ec:~# apt update
root@284b243a39ec:~# apt install git python3
root@284b243a39ec:~# apt install gcc gfortran fort77 g++ clang
root@284b243a39ec:~# apt install make
下载spack，
root@284b243a39ec:~# git clone --depth=100 --branch=releases/v0.20 https://github.com/spack/spack.git ~/spack
Cloning into '/root/spack'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 19032, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (19032/19032), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (10494/10494), done.
remote: Total 19032 (delta 2022), reused 12091 (delta 1506), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (19032/19032), 12.33 MiB | 15.21 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (2022/2022), done.
root@284b243a39ec:~# cd ~/spack
初始化，
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# . share/spack/setup-env.sh
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack compiler find
上手
spack list查看所有可用的包，
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack list
spack list支持查询语句
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack list pytho* #前缀匹配查询
python
==> 1 packages
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack list pytho #模糊匹配查询
py-antlr4-python3-runtime py-ipython py-mysql-connector-python py-python-constraint py-python-engineio py-python-jose py-python-louvain py-python-memcached py-python-socketio py-python3-openid py-systemd-python
py-avro-python3 py-ipython-cluster-helper py-openslide-python py-python-crfsuite py-python-fmask py-python-json-logger py-python-lsp-jsonrpc py-python-multipart py-python-sotools py-python3-xlib py-types-python-dateutil
py-biopython py-ipython-genutils py-psij-python py-python-daemon py-python-fsutil py-python-keystoneclient py-python-lsp-server py-python-oauth2 py-python-subunit py-pythonqwt py-wxpython
py-bx-python py-kb-python py-python-benedict py-python-dateutil py-python-gitlab py-python-ldap py-python-lzo py-python-picard py-python-swiftclient py-pythonsollya python
py-dnspython py-meson-python py-python-bioformats py-python-docs-theme py-python-igraph py-python-levenshtein py-python-magic py-python-ptrace py-python-utils py-saga-python r-findpython
py-gitpython py-mkdocstrings-python py-python-box py-python-dotenv py-python-javabridge py-python-libsbml py-python-mapnik py-python-rapidjson py-python-xlib py-scientificpython xtensor-python
py-google-api-python-client py-mmtf-python py-python-certifi-win32 py-python-editor py-python-jenkins py-python-logstash py-python-markdown-math py-python-slugify py-python-xmp-toolkit py-spython
==> 76 packages
安装一个包，命名spack install <package_name>
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack install zlib
==> Installing zlib-1.2.13-ivmy4r5hq6uijii4yspbffl2dutqdxgb
==> No binary for zlib-1.2.13-ivmy4r5hq6uijii4yspbffl2dutqdxgb found: installing from source
==> Using cached archive: /root/spack/var/spack/cache/_source-cache/archive/b3/b3a24de97a8fdbc835b9833169501030b8977031bcb54b3b3ac13740f846ab30.tar.gz
==> No patches needed for zlib
==> zlib: Executing phase: 'edit'
==> zlib: Executing phase: 'build'
==> zlib: Executing phase: 'install'
==> zlib: Successfully installed zlib-1.2.13-ivmy4r5hq6uijii4yspbffl2dutqdxgb
Stage: 0.04s. Edit: 0.38s. Build: 0.61s. Install: 0.05s. Post-install: 0.02s. Total: 1.12s
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/zlib-1.2.13-ivmy4r5hq6uijii4yspbffl2dutqdxgb
Spack安装包时，支持从源码安装，或者从二进制缓存安装。二进制缓存的安全，由GPG签名保证。
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack mirror add tutorial /mirror
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack buildcache keys --install --trust
==> Fetching file:///mirror/build_cache/_pgp/0ACDCFDA91DB974A68C3DDC2F85815B32355CB19.pub
gpg: key F85815B32355CB19: public key "e4s-uo-spack-01" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1
gpg: inserting ownertrust of 6
==> Fetching file:///mirror/build_cache/_pgp/2C8DD3224EF3573A42BD221FA8E0CA3C1C2ADA2F.pub
gpg: key A8E0CA3C1C2ADA2F: 5 signatures not checked due to missing keys
gpg: key A8E0CA3C1C2ADA2F: public key "Spack Project Official Binaries <maintainers@spack.io>" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: imported: 1
gpg: marginals needed: 3 completes needed: 1 trust model: pgp
gpg: depth: 0 valid: 1 signed: 0 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 1u
gpg: inserting ownertrust of 6
==> Fetching file:///mirror/build_cache/_pgp/78F3726939CA1B94893B66E8BC86F6FB94429164.pub
gpg: key A8E0CA3C1C2ADA2F: 7 signatures not checked due to missing keys
gpg: key A8E0CA3C1C2ADA2F: "Spack Project Official Binaries <maintainers@spack.io>" 3 new signatures
gpg: key A8E0CA3C1C2ADA2F: "Spack Project Official Binaries <maintainers@spack.io>" 1 new subkey
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg: new subkeys: 1
gpg: new signatures: 3
gpg: marginals needed: 3 completes needed: 1 trust model: pgp
gpg: depth: 0 valid: 2 signed: 0 trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 2u
spack install zlib %clang
==> Installing zlib-1.2.13-gephbceg3rl2e77o46xyzlk5e4kd3gt3
==> Fetching file:///mirror/build_cache/linux-ubuntu22.04-x86_64_v3-clang-14.0.0-zlib-1.2.13-gephbceg3rl2e77o46xyzlk5e4kd3gt3.spec.json.sig
==> Fetching file:///mirror/build_cache/linux-ubuntu22.04-x86_64_v3/clang-14.0.0/zlib-1.2.13/linux-ubuntu22.04-x86_64_v3-clang-14.0.0-zlib-1.2.13-gephbceg3rl2e77o46xyzlk5e4kd3gt3.spack
==> Extracting zlib-1.2.13-gephbceg3rl2e77o46xyzlk5e4kd3gt3 from binary cache
==> zlib: Successfully installed zlib-1.2.13-gephbceg3rl2e77o46xyzlk5e4kd3gt3
Search: 0.00s. Fetch: 0.11s. Install: 0.02s. Total: 0.13s
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-x86_64_v3/clang-14.0.0/zlib-1.2.13-gephbceg3rl2e77o46xyzlk5e4kd3gt3
在运行安装命令前，可以先查看有哪些版本，
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack versions zlib
==> Safe versions (already checksummed):
1.2.13 1.2.12 1.2.11 1.2.8 1.2.3
==> Remote versions (not yet checksummed):
1.3 1.2.9 1.2.7.2 1.2.7 1.2.6 1.2.5.2 1.2.5 1.2.4.4 1.2.4.2 1.2.4 1.2.3.8 1.2.3.6 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.2 1.2.2.4 1.2.2.2 1.2.2 1.2.1.1 1.2.0.8 1.2.0.6 1.2.0.4 1.2.0.2 1.2.0 1.1.3 1.1.1 1.0.9 1.0.7 1.0.5 1.0.2 1.0-pre 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.71 0.8
1.2.10 1.2.7.3 1.2.7.1 1.2.6.1 1.2.5.3 1.2.5.1 1.2.4.5 1.2.4.3 1.2.4.1 1.2.3.9 1.2.3.7 1.2.3.5 1.2.3.3 1.2.3.1 1.2.2.3 1.2.2.1 1.2.1.2 1.2.1 1.2.0.7 1.2.0.5 1.2.0.3 1.2.0.1 1.1.4 1.1.2 1.1.0 1.0.8 1.0.6 1.0.4 1.0.1 0.99 0.94 0.92 0.79 0.9
安装时，可以传编译器flags，如cppflags, cflags, cxxflags, fflags, ldflags, 与 ldlibs 参数。
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack install zlib@1.2.8 cflags=-O3
==> Warning: using "zlib@1.2.8" which is a deprecated version
==> Installing zlib-1.2.8-5o535gi4wwtrfcb3jcilmuelp57hnyxq
==> No binary for zlib-1.2.8-5o535gi4wwtrfcb3jcilmuelp57hnyxq found: installing from source
==> Warning: zlib@1.2.8 is deprecated and may be removed in a future Spack release.
==> Fetch anyway? [y/N] y
==> Fetching https://mirror.spack.io/_source-cache/archive/36/36658cb768a54c1d4dec43c3116c27ed893e88b02ecfcb44f2166f9c0b7f2a0d.tar.gz
==> No patches needed for zlib
==> zlib: Executing phase: 'edit'
==> zlib: Executing phase: 'build'
==> zlib: Executing phase: 'install'
==> zlib: Successfully installed zlib-1.2.8-5o535gi4wwtrfcb3jcilmuelp57hnyxq
Stage: 44.96s. Edit: 0.38s. Build: 0.56s. Install: 0.07s. Post-install: 0.02s. Total: 46.01s
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/zlib-1.2.8-5o535gi4wwtrfcb3jcilmuelp57hnyxq
spack find查看已安装的包，
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack find
-- linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake / clang@14.0.0 -----------------
zlib@1.2.12 zlib@1.2.13
-- linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake / gcc@11.4.0 -------------------
zlib@1.2.8 zlib@1.2.13
==> 4 installed packages
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack find -lf
-- linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake / clang@14.0.0 -----------------
phqllhi zlib@1.2.12%clang r5taitb zlib@1.2.13%clang
-- linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake / gcc@11.4.0 -------------------
5o535gi zlib@1.2.8%gcc cflags="-O3" ivmy4r5 zlib@1.2.13%gcc
==> 4 installed packages
Spack为每个spec都生成一个hash，任何不同版本组合都生成唯一的hash。
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack install tcl
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/zlib-1.2.13-ivmy4r5hq6uijii4yspbffl2dutqdxgb
==> Installing tcl-8.6.12-m2wnkqeddps4xf5oyrxqd6i3lrvokfwp
==> No binary for tcl-8.6.12-m2wnkqeddps4xf5oyrxqd6i3lrvokfwp found: installing from source
==> Fetching https://mirror.spack.io/_source-cache/archive/26/26c995dd0f167e48b11961d891ee555f680c175f7173ff8cb829f4ebcde4c1a6.tar.gz
==> No patches needed for tcl
==> tcl: Executing phase: 'autoreconf'
==> tcl: Executing phase: 'configure'
==> tcl: Executing phase: 'build'
==> tcl: Executing phase: 'install'
==> tcl: Successfully installed tcl-8.6.12-m2wnkqeddps4xf5oyrxqd6i3lrvokfwp
Stage: 14.43s. Autoreconf: 0.00s. Configure: 5.85s. Build: 1m 2.43s. Install: 3.53s. Post-install: 0.59s. Total: 1m 26.86s
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/tcl-8.6.12-m2wnkqeddps4xf5oyrxqd6i3lrvokfwp
使用^指定依赖
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack install tcl ^zlib@1.2.13 %clang
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/clang-14.0.0/zlib-1.2.13-r5taitbmvh5nzn2jqjo2f2mignhvrabe
==> Installing tcl-8.6.12-lgob6rq7jo5q3dyd2qfhyrs3nk6ggpqe
==> No binary for tcl-8.6.12-lgob6rq7jo5q3dyd2qfhyrs3nk6ggpqe found: installing from source
==> Using cached archive: /root/spack/var/spack/cache/_source-cache/archive/26/26c995dd0f167e48b11961d891ee555f680c175f7173ff8cb829f4ebcde4c1a6.tar.gz
==> No patches needed for tcl
==> tcl: Executing phase: 'autoreconf'
==> tcl: Executing phase: 'configure'
==> tcl: Executing phase: 'build'
==> tcl: Executing phase: 'install'
==> tcl: Successfully installed tcl-8.6.12-lgob6rq7jo5q3dyd2qfhyrs3nk6ggpqe
Stage: 0.36s. Autoreconf: 0.00s. Configure: 10.13s. Build: 1m 13.37s. Install: 3.34s. Post-install: 0.58s. Total: 1m 27.82s
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/clang-14.0.0/tcl-8.6.12-lgob6rq7jo5q3dyd2qfhyrs3nk6ggpqe
使用^/5o5指定依赖的hash。如上所示，其中5o5是zlib@1.2.8%gcc的hash。
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack install tcl ^/5o5
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/zlib-1.2.8-5o535gi4wwtrfcb3jcilmuelp57hnyxq
==> Installing tcl-8.6.12-o6wvao34ytjgbpy2kpf63x4c34wn45ub
==> No binary for tcl-8.6.12-o6wvao34ytjgbpy2kpf63x4c34wn45ub found: installing from source
==> Using cached archive: /root/spack/var/spack/cache/_source-cache/archive/26/26c995dd0f167e48b11961d891ee555f680c175f7173ff8cb829f4ebcde4c1a6.tar.gz
==> No patches needed for tcl
==> tcl: Executing phase: 'autoreconf'
==> tcl: Executing phase: 'configure'
==> tcl: Executing phase: 'build'
==> tcl: Executing phase: 'install'
==> tcl: Successfully installed tcl-8.6.12-o6wvao34ytjgbpy2kpf63x4c34wn45ub
Stage: 0.35s. Autoreconf: 0.00s. Configure: 6.08s. Build: 1m 1.70s. Install: 3.45s. Post-install: 0.59s. Total: 1m 12.21s
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/tcl-8.6.12-o6wvao34ytjgbpy2kpf63x4c34wn45ub
spack find还支持-d，用来显示依赖关系。
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack find -ldf
-- linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake / clang@14.0.0 -----------------
lgob6rq tcl@8.6.12%clang
r5taitb zlib@1.2.13%clang
phqllhi zlib@1.2.12%clang
r5taitb zlib@1.2.13%clang
-- linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake / gcc@11.4.0 -------------------
o6wvao3 tcl@8.6.12%gcc
5o535gi zlib@1.2.8%gcc cflags="-O3"
m2wnkqe tcl@8.6.12%gcc
ivmy4r5 zlib@1.2.13%gcc
5o535gi zlib@1.2.8%gcc cflags="-O3"
ivmy4r5 zlib@1.2.13%gcc
==> 7 installed packages
我们来安装一个更复杂的包——HDF5，默认情况下，会将MPI依赖也装上。
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack install hdf5
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/libpciaccess-0.17-pykx2euy2awtgyou2nnsjl2s6hi4n646
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/libiconv-1.17-yodoqmhmvqbqvjzl3s6snnatz6trv7iy
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/xz-5.4.1-dzgxjank6ou2hybibf5ub262lgc2lorn
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/zlib-1.2.13-ivmy4r5hq6uijii4yspbffl2dutqdxgb
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/ncurses-6.4-ujngusmjurwe2fa7l3b6kvt73gabtuor
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/numactl-2.0.14-r22sabf66foyohnzrm2vhslqhyvzaodc
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/bzip2-1.0.8-ddoyjf47vjlyagfc22epabwym5pymdr7
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/zstd-1.5.5-5e3alsszldfqzfm4bln3x2bxo63lgc5h
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/libxcrypt-4.4.33-gei6nykcbdwqnwkbtaapysokbdy5hsa5
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/pkgconf-1.9.5-sxbb6ve36mznc2trrpk4llouoi47yqlm
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/pigz-2.7-5gemoganu6n6ps7aca4llw5txrxgwcm7
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/openssl-1.1.1t-vmachqinwttmfsngz56nzjlsdxpvp7ki
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/libedit-3.1-20210216-d7fgamjkvusfpwqhdevl5u3ld2ajwelz
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/libxml2-2.10.3-5mmkszwox2ca75c274cebzp7yizhvant
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/tar-1.34-tfgqkhebvyigwree5sh4jxtt2r6ebkhn
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/libevent-2.1.12-zt3qad4mu4mlsfmedkakxw7ue4ekrudc
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/hwloc-2.9.1-fcfzcph73hlkt23vthevpninsi7jbfdp
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/gettext-0.21.1-y3smi3ultsqlwsrwzcykwzl52h4eekhg
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/pmix-4.2.3-h55tf5zun6v6kxuszej6imea7sfb7lku
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/krb5-1.20.1-imoj7v4sveupl2komhnb655d3jjxeyez
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/openssh-9.3p1-pi6fj3d4bnbsvdzjygatwmeppme2e57o
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/openmpi-4.1.5-z2lpbjfjf72tikfaxfuq7keby327rang
==> Installing hdf5-1.14.1-2-gqyhwfo3iyea3sdekxcolo5qrnnuzlqn
==> No binary for hdf5-1.14.1-2-gqyhwfo3iyea3sdekxcolo5qrnnuzlqn found: installing from source
==> Fetching https://mirror.spack.io/_source-cache/archive/cb/cbe93f275d5231df28ced9549253793e40cd2b555e3d288df09d7b89a9967b07.tar.gz
==> Ran patch() for hdf5
==> hdf5: Executing phase: 'cmake'
==> hdf5: Executing phase: 'build'
==> hdf5: Executing phase: 'install'
==> hdf5: Successfully installed hdf5-1.14.1-2-gqyhwfo3iyea3sdekxcolo5qrnnuzlqn
Stage: 31.03s. Cmake: 11.47s. Build: 30.78s. Install: 0.90s. Post-install: 0.20s. Total: 1m 14.55s
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/hdf5-1.14.1-2-gqyhwfo3iyea3sdekxcolo5qrnnuzlqn
Spack包也有build选项，通过+或~/-
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack install hdf5~mpi
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/ncurses-6.4-ujngusmjurwe2fa7l3b6kvt73gabtuor
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/zlib-1.2.13-ivmy4r5hq6uijii4yspbffl2dutqdxgb
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/gmake-4.4.1-264topq36ww6abmwthbd7pouu65v7nwm
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/pkgconf-1.9.5-sxbb6ve36mznc2trrpk4llouoi47yqlm
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/openssl-1.1.1t-vmachqinwttmfsngz56nzjlsdxpvp7ki
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/cmake-3.26.3-ttvpnusqvmowfgfwiwil7dgkmkjaiqp5
==> Installing hdf5-1.14.1-2-thweeqbqmd7uqugx6iswe56zarcgg554
==> No binary for hdf5-1.14.1-2-thweeqbqmd7uqugx6iswe56zarcgg554 found: installing from source
==> Using cached archive: /root/spack/var/spack/cache/_source-cache/archive/cb/cbe93f275d5231df28ced9549253793e40cd2b555e3d288df09d7b89a9967b07.tar.gz
==> Ran patch() for hdf5
==> hdf5: Executing phase: 'cmake'
==> hdf5: Executing phase: 'build'
==> hdf5: Executing phase: 'install'
==> hdf5: Successfully installed hdf5-1.14.1-2-thweeqbqmd7uqugx6iswe56zarcgg554
Stage: 0.83s. Cmake: 10.69s. Build: 27.12s. Install: 0.88s. Post-install: 0.18s. Total: 39.84s
[+] /root/spack/opt/spack/linux-ubuntu22.04-cascadelake/gcc-11.4.0/hdf5-1.14.1-2-thweeqbqmd7uqugx6iswe56zarcgg554
Spack还可以通过^来指定依赖
root@284b243a39ec:~/spack# spack install hdf5+hl+mpi ^mpich
Spack可以打印依赖的单向无环图(DAG)
spack graph hdf5+hl+mpi ^mpich
再安装一个更复杂的，
spack install trilinos
这个直接依赖有23个，依赖又有自己的依赖。经验丰富的用户可能也需要花几天、几周来完成，而spack一条命令几秒钟搞定。
DAG输出到PDF文件，
spack graph --dot trilinos | dot -Tpdf > trilinos_graph.pdf
uninstall包
spack uninstall
spack find也支持高级查询，包括
spack find ^mpich #查询依赖mpich的包
spack find cflags=-O3 #查询带这个编译选项的
将spack安装的gcc加入spack编译器列表里，
spack compiler add "$(spack location -i gcc@12)"
将gcc编译器移出spack编译器列表，
spack compiler remove gcc@12
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